Midrange theories are characterized by being less abstract and more focused. Which outcome do they best serve?

• A. Providing a narrow explanation of a phenomenon.
• B. Explaining broad social systems.
• C. Replacing grand theory.
• D. Ignoring research findings.

Answer: (A)

Midrange theories strike a balance between big, abstract frameworks and broad generalizations by staying focused on a specific phenomenon or context. Because they’re less abstract and more targeted, they’re best at providing a narrow explanation of a particular issue—someone’s adherence to a health program in a defined population, for example. This focused scope lets researchers test concrete propositions and apply findings to real-world settings. They’re not meant to explain entire social systems or replace grand theories, and they don’t ignore research findings; they build on evidence to illuminate a limited area. For instance, a midrange theory might link factors like self-efficacy, social support, and perceived barriers to exercise adherence among older adults in a community program, offering targeted, actionable insights rather than sweeping statements about society.