Which determinant relates to the physical environment and living conditions?

• A. Income and social status
• B. Social support networks
• C. Physical environments
• D. Health service

Answer: (C)

This question is about the determinant that directly describes the conditions in which people live and the physical surroundings that impact health. The physical environments determinant includes housing quality, safety, air and water quality, sanitation, and neighborhood design. These factors determine exposure to hazards, risk of injuries, and the likelihood of health problems such as respiratory issues or infectious diseases, making them a direct link between where someone lives and their health outcomes. The other determinants—income and social status shape what resources are available; social support networks influence psychosocial well-being and coping; and health services affect access to care—yet they describe different domains, not the physical environment itself.