Which level of prevention targets those who already have a disease?

• A. Tertiary prevention
• B. Primary prevention
• C. Secondary prevention
• D. Quaternary prevention

Answer: (A)

The main idea is that once a disease is already present, the goal shifts to reducing its impact and helping the person recover or adapt. This is tertiary prevention. It focuses on preventing complications, limiting disability, and improving quality of life through rehabilitation, ongoing treatment, and strategies to manage symptoms and maintain function. For example, after a stroke, rehabilitation to regain motor skills and prevent further decline; diabetes care to prevent complications like neuropathy or kidney disease; or management of chronic illnesses to minimize hospitalizations and maintain independence.

In contrast, primary prevention aims to stop the disease from occurring in healthy people, such as vaccinations and lifestyle changes to reduce risk factors. Secondary prevention involves finding disease early to prevent progression, through screenings and early treatment. Quaternary prevention deals with avoiding overmedicalization and unnecessary interventions to protect patients from harm.